self-incrimination clause

self-incrimination clause
положение о свидетельстве против себя (положение о самооговоре)
Положение, содержащееся в Пятой поправке [Fifth Amendment] к Конституции, согласно которому "ни одно лицо ... не должно принуждаться в каком-либо уголовном деле свидетельствовать против себя" ["No person ... shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself"]. В уголовной процедуре бремя доказательства вины лежит на обвинении. Положение поправки предназначено для того, чтобы это бремя не переносилось на самого обвиняемого. Оно предотвращает возможность применение пыток для получения признания или предъявления незаконно полученных улик. Кроме уголовной процедуры положение распространяется также на дачу показаний на слушаниях в законодательных или исполнительных органах власти. Однако отказ от дачи показаний возможен только в отношении самого себя и только в том случае, если показания могут повлечь уголовное наказание. В иных случаях отказ от дачи показаний может повлечь за собой наказание за неуважение к суду [contempt of Court]

English-Russian dictionary of regional studies. 2013.

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